Given the strict re­li­gious, in­tel­lec­tual and spir­i­tual re­quire­ments, most of the Druzes are not ini­ti­ated and might be re­ferred to as al-Juhhāl (جهال), lit­er­ally "the Ig­no­rant", but in prac­tice re­fer­ring to the non-ini­ti­ated Druzes; how­ever, that term is sel­dom used by the Druzes. [3] The Druze claim that an understanding of these is necessary, but that their al-Ê»Uqqāl (عقال), ("the Knowledgeable Initiates") have access to writings of their own that supersede these. Retrieved 18 March 2011. Epistles 109 and 110 are dated latest, written by Al-Muqtana Baha'uddin in 1042 AD. The Druze (holy) book, known as The Epistles of Wisdom (Rasāʾil al-Ḥikmah), is in actuality a hermeneutic of biblical and Qur ʾ anic doctrines rather than an independent book of revelations. Lifestyle and appearance of the Druze people have been a mystery to many. Thus, their places of worship are usually very modest, and their religious figures (ajawÄ«d) lead very modest lifestyles. Druze ethnic heritage is equally mysterious: Most Druze say they are Arab, while others claim to trace their lineage back to Assassin bloodlines, the ancient Hittites of Anatolia, the European Freemasons (with a similar emphasis on secrecy) or the lost tribes of the Jews. Aug 29, 2017 - A Druze man reads a holy book outside the Nabi Shuaib shrine during the annual pilgrimage to the site, near the Sea of Galilee in northern Israel, Saturday, April 25, 2015. 15–16. Or that's what my druze friend used to tell me in high school. Other. Heirs to Forgotten Kingdoms: Journeys Into the Disappearing Religions of the Middle East Gerard Russell. Les druzes israéliens ont récemment manifesté contre la loi définissant Israël comme « l’Etat-nation du peuple juif ». (AP Photo/Ariel Schalit) Not many are able to plumb into the depths of the community as she has. In what he must have intended to be a provocation, he reproduced a page of what he claimed to be a Druze holy text, from the Princeton library, on the first page of his book. Hitti also cites Druze religious texts in France’s national library. Despite a few holy sites which have become official gathering places for the Druze, the Druze generally spurn the concepts of ceremonies and rituals. [6], The Epistles of Wisdom were written in the Arabic language and contain one hundred and eleven epistles in total. The community is divided into two groups: the uqqual and the juhhal. She covers several topics in this book such as relations to the state,religion , customs and more. By the way El-Mithaq can't be found in libraries and even if you find it you will not understand it because it is encoded and you need to be from the Uqqal in order to decode it. Druze manuscripts are generally written in a language, grammar and diction that, to the uninitiated is hard to understand and includes ambiguous words and highly obscure and cryptic phrases, in-addition to the extensive usage of symbology and numerology in much of the writings. Even though the faith originally developed out of Ismaili Islam, most Druze do not identify as Muslims, and they do not accept the five pillars of Islam. No initiated Druze has ever left the sect to confess the secrets and no anthropologist has ever successfully penetrated the community. Hitti, Philip K., Origins of the Druze People and Religion, CHAPTER V, DRUZE THEOLOGY AND ITS SOURCES, 1928. Most of the young Druze generation today suffers from an identity dilemma. Hanna Batatu (17 September 2012). [4] A French translation and critical examination of these first two volumes (epistles one to forty) from the Epistles of Wisdom was published in 2007 by Daniel de Smet who has provided a doctrinal introduction, notes, a description and inventory of the manuscripts and studies of their contents and characteristics. (Photo by www.metaltraveller.com) The Druze community is divided into two … The Druze are neither Muslim, Christian nor Jewish but have their own secret monotheistic religion. It is difficult to know as you cannot join and the religion — if that’s what it is — is secret. He virtually bound within it all the created beings, so that nothing might be outside of it. Almost 500 Druze clergymen living in the Golan Heights crossed into Syria on Thursday for an annual pilgrimage to a holy shrine in the Syrian countryside. Druze, small Middle Eastern religious sect characterized by an eclectic system of doctrines and by a cohesion and loyalty among its members (at times politically significant) that have enabled them to maintain for centuries their close-knit identity and distinctive faith. [1] According to oral traditions there were originally twenty-four books. If not, they’ll learn the truth of God and life and, if they fail to adhere to those responsibilities, it’s worse than if they’d remained unenlightened. A thousand-year-old offshoot of Islam, the Druze consider themselves Arab in every country they inhabit except Israel where they enjoy a privileged status in exchange for their loyalty to the state. They were brutally persecuted for defecting from Islam, so the Druze closed their faith soon after it began and still hold much of it secret, even from the uninitiated Druze. The Druze believe that many teachings given by prophets, religious leaders and holy books have esoteric meanings preserved for those of intellect, in which some teachings are symbolic and allegorical in nature, and divide the understanding of holy books and teachings into three layers. It is a way that leads to unbelief, atheism, and denial. Rivoal, Isabelle. 4.4 out of 5 stars 16. AbÅ« MuḥrÄ«z Jahm ibn á¹¢afwān ar-RāsibÄ« as-SamarqāndÄ« at-TirmidhÄ«, Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn BashÄ«r al-AzdÄ«, AbÅ« Ishāq IbrāhÄ«m ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām, AbÅ« AlÄ« Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'Ä«, AbÅ« Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn MāhbÅ«b al-Jāhiz al-KinānÄ«, MaymÅ«n al-Qaddāḥ's Ismā'Ä«lÄ« doctrine, List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam, Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-HānafÄ« al-HandhalÄ«, AbÅ« Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn AbÄ« Du'ad Faraj ibn CarÄ«r ibn Mâlik al-IyādÄ«, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epistles_of_Wisdom&oldid=987466689, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, AbÅ« Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn AbÄ« KarÄ«ma al-MarÄ«sÄ« al-BaghdādÄ« (, AbÅ« Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-JawālikÄ« al-, AbÅ« Bakr Abdurrahmān ibn Kaysān al-Asāmm, AbÅ« MÅ«sā Isā ibn Subeyh (SabÄ«h) al-Murdār al-BāsrÄ« (MurdārÄ«yya), HÄ«shām ibn Amr al-FuwātÄ« ash-ShaybānÄ« (HÄ«shāmÄ«yya), AbÅ« Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-SāymarÄ«, Abū’l-HÅ«sayn AbdÅ«rrāhÄ«m ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (HayyātÄ«yya), AbÅ« Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-GatafānÄ« al-KÅ«fÄ« (ḌirārÄ«yya), AbÅ« Ê¿Abdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Ê¿Abdillāh an-Najjār ar-RāzÄ«, AbÅ« Ê¿Abdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānÄ« (Zā‘farānÄ«yya), AbÅ« Ê¿Abdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-SijjÄ«, HaisamÄ«yya (AbÅ« Ê¿Abdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam), IshāqÄ«yya (AbÅ« YaÊ¿qÅ«b Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh), Tarā'ifÄ«yya (Ahmad ibn Ê¿AbdÅ«s at-Tarā'ifÄ«), AbÅ« Abdillāh MugÄ«re ibn Sāīd al-Ê¿IjlÄ« el-BajalÄ«, AbÅ« Amr (AbÅ« Mu‘tamÄ«r) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-SÅ«lamÄ«, AbÅ« Sahl BÄ«shr ibn al-Mu‘tamÄ«r al-HilālÄ« al-BaghdādÄ«, AbÅ« HāshÄ«m Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'Ä«, Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-AbdÄ« al-BāsrÄ«, AbÅ« Ma‘n SÅ«māma ibn Ashras an-NÅ«mayrÄ« al-BāsrÄ« al-BaghdādÄ«, AbÅ« Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn ShabÄ«b al-BasrÄ«, Abū’l-KāsÄ«m Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn MāhmÅ«d al-BalhÄ« al-Kā‘bÄ«, This page was last edited on 7 November 2020, at 06:52. 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