Second  Opium War, resulted in a second group of treaty ports being set up; eventually more than 80 treaty ports were established in China, involving many foreign powers (France, Russia, and the U.S.). Black tea exceeds green tea in popularity in Europe. “There wa… The Chinese plant did not thrive however, and was later supplanted by the hardier Assam variety. British Prime Minister Robert Walpole reduces British import taxes on tea. With the Industrial Revolution and the transition from hand production methods to machines, merchants like Sir Thomas Lipton demanded high-speed packaging to facilitate world-wide distribution. Italian Venetian geographer Giambattista (Giovanni Battista) Ramusio (1485-1557) writes Navigatione et Viaggi (Voyages and Travels) (3 vols. Scottish grocer Thomas Lipton buys numerous tea plantations in Ceylon, goes on to revolutionize tea production, and introduces Lipton brand tea, using orange pekoe and pekoe leaves, with the slogan: “Direct from the tea gardens to the teapot”. As a result, the cost of tea in Russia is high, and is drunk only by those who can afford it. A plant fungus ruins the coffee crop in Ceylon and spreads throughout the Orient and the Pacific, giving a hefty boost to tea drinking. Hartford and Gilman buy whole clipper shipments from the New York harbor and sell the tea 1/3 cheaper than other merchants. The popularity of tea wanes in France, in favor of coffee, wine and chocolate. Tea gardens become popular haunts for fashionable Londoners. Tea is reportedly first discovered in China in 2737 BC by the mythical second emperor, Shen Nung, known as the Divine Healer, when leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant … Ceylon’s coffee industry is devastated by a coffee blight. Europeans learn about tea when a Venetian author credits the lengthy lives of Asians to their tea drinking. Use this popup to embed a mailing list sign up form. England wins “the right” to trade opium for tea. The English East India Company brings the gift of tea to the British king and queen. The Russian Empress extends tea as a regulated trade. During this ceremony, one takes a garden path into a portico, enters upon hearing the host's gong, washes in a special room, and then enters a small tearoom that holds a painting or flower arrangement to gaze upon. Opium trade was legalized and China had to pay silver to the winners. Local New York merchant George Huntington Hartford and his employer George P. Gilman give the A&P retail chain its start as the Great American Tea Company store. “Throughout the whole of England the drinking of tea is general. Tea Partnership established. Tea comes to Europe, it is sold to rich people as an exotic medicinal drink. In Holland, tea is widely available for purchase in common food shops. The Japanese Shogun Ashikaga-Yoshimasa builds the first tearoom at his palace in Kyoto. For the first time tea is made publicly available at Thomas Garaway’s Coffee House in London. In the 18th century, tea had heavy import duties, consumption was limited to the higher classes. Marco Polo, Magellan, Alvar Nunez Cabeza, Niccolo Da Conti et al., containing the first mention of tea in Euro lit. when the Emperor Shen Nong, a skilled ruler and scientist, accidentally discovered tea. First created by a Zen priest named Murata Shuko, the ceremony is called Cha-no-yu, literally meaning "hot water tea" and celebrates the mundane aspects of everyday life. The Duchess of York introduces tea to Scotland. An early credible record of tea drinking dates to the 3rd century AD, in a medical text written by Hua Tuo. Chinese Emperor Hui Tsung becomes tea obsessed and writes about the best tea-whisking methods. Nestle USA introduced the first instant tea, Nestea. Documents identify Confucius, teacher, editor, politician, and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history, as a tea user. England begins to trade directly with China. Cutty Sark clipper built – the last merchant ship to be so built. 700’s Tea became popular medicine during the Tang Dynasty Period. Tea in Japan is rare and expensive, enjoyed mostly by high priests and the aristocracy. Tea is planted in the Botanical gardens at Entebbe, Uganda. Tea is planted in Malawi, and becomes the first to be cultivated in Africa. According to legend, an early emperor Shen Nong in the early ancient time discovered tea fortuitously. A small amount is sent to England and quickly purchased due to its uniqueness. To escape the emptiness of the world…. Thomas J Lipton Co. is established as a tea packing company with its headquarters and factory in Hoboken, New Jersey. Dutch East India Company declared bankrupt. The Chinese would become addicted to the supply of opium, ensuring a constant supply of cheap tea to the English. The Assam tea seed is planted in Java. Buddhism and tea journey from China to Japan. Scholars hailed the brew as a cure for a variety of ailments; the nobility considered the consumption of good tea as a mark of their status, and the common people simply enjoyed its flavour. From the historical annal “Yianzhi Chunchiu”: the prime minister of Chi (547 B.C.–490 B.C.) Thomas Twining serves up tea at Tom's Coffee House in London. The controversy over tea continues in England and Scotland where opponents claim it's overpriced, harmful to one's health, and may even lead to moral decay. For millennia it was a medicinal beverage obtained by boiling fresh leaves in water, but around the 3rd century ce it became a daily drink, and tea cultivation and processing began. King George III agrees to the Boston Port Bill, which closes the Boston Harbor until the East India Company is reimbursed for its tea. The British are ecstatic as this means that they are now able to successfully grow their own tea, in India. Photos and illustrations enhanced the historic perspective, and sidebar stories provided snapshots of tea's impact around the world. New York tea importer Thomas Sullivan inadvertently invents tea bags when he sends tea to clients in small silk bags and they mistakenly steep the bags whole. Revolution Tea introduces the first flow-through Infuser tea bag, which captures the flavor and aroma of loose, full-leaf tea in the convenience of a tea bag. ), the second of the three Chinese Emperors of the San Huang Period, (3,000 – 2,700 B.C.). Caravans carried tea on the Silk Road, trading with India, Turkey, and Russia. Tea bags were developed for commercial production, initially from gauze and then later from paper. Tea likely originated in the Yunnan region during the Shang dynasty as a medicinal drink. The first “iced tea” was served at the St. Louis World’s Fair. Thomas Johnstone Lipton opens his first shop in Glasgow, using American merchandising methods he learned working in the grocery section of a New York department store. In 1600 Queen Elizabeth I gave a charter to the East India Trading company, a compnay that would help shape the history of tea and play a part in the world's history as well. Reddit. Merrill J. Fernando dedicated his life to tea when in the 1950s, he saw the concentration of ownership in the tea industry in the hands of a few large corporations. During Queen Anne's reign, tea drinking thrives in British coffeehouses. British workers are given tea breaks throughout the day as this is thought to improve their productivity. The tea story started in China around 2750 BC. Strange as it may seem, the story of Ceylon Tea begins with coffee. Tea is the common name of the Camellia sinensis plant which possesses cooling and astringent flavor. Russian tea-drinking customs emerge, which entail using tea concentrate, adding hot water, topping it with a lemon, and drinking it through a lump of sugar held between the teeth. Tea plays a vital role in Chinese life since ancient times. The first tea plants, imports from China and India, are cultivated on a trial basis in Sri Lanka (Ceylon). Wealthy Dutch merchants' wives serve tea at parties. Tea sold at Garaway’s Coffee House, London. It was initially used as medicine in ancient China, where people chewed on fresh leaves for their refreshing and invigorating effect before they learned to brew it in water … 1929: The first tea plantation was established in Malaysia during the British colonisation, in Cameron Highlands. 图赞 compiled by Shenan, 审安老人. The first known Taiwanese cultivation and export of domestic tea takes place. Russia and China sign a treaty that brings the tea trade across Mongolia and Siberia. Drinking powdered and frothed tea or tea scented with flowers is widespread in China while earlier flavorings fall by the wayside. This will eventually lead to widespread smuggling. Both men and women patronize the shop. By this time maritime Euro trade with China is dominated by the exchange of silver for tea. During the Ming Dynasty, the Chinese start drinking tea, by steeping the whole leaf tea in hot water. Later, when the English acquired this colony, they found that the inhabitants of New Amsterdam (or New York as they chose to re-name it) consumed more tea than all of England. Yes, tea is that powerful. Mongolia takes over China and since the Emperor of Mongol isn't a "tea guy," tea drinking dies down in the courts and among the aristocracy. In one of her famous letters to her daughter she reminds her to offer milk with the tea when entertaining guests. He was a scholar, the father of agriculture and the inventor of Chinese herbal medicine. The first tea is sold publicly in Massachusetts. An early credible record of tea drinking dates to the 3rd century AD, in a medical text written by Hua Tuo. Teahouses in garden settings pop up around China. After several British attempts to end the taxation protests, the American Revolution begins. The first tea is sold as a health beverage in London, England at Garway's Coffee House. Tea smuggling is rampant in England as people resort to illegal measures to avoid paying the high tax on tea. Today Over 2.5 million tea is grown and produced in more than 40 countries worldwide. English Quaker John Horniman introduces the first retail tea in sealed, lead-lined packages. Tea is mentioned for the first time in an English translation of Dutch navigator Jan Hugo van Linschooten's travels, in which he refers to tea as chaa. Having picked some tea, he drank it, The tea master uses special utensils to whisk the intense powdered tea. The selection of the right teapot used to brew the tea was just as important as the selection of the type of tea itself. The first teapots begin to appear – people didn’t have to prepare tea one cup at a time. East India Company started tea production in Nepal. 2737 BC: TEA IS DISCOVERED. Tea Ceremony History Timeline 1000 BC First tea leaves were grown in China as a medicinal drink more. Tea is so much a part of everyday life in Britain that we might never stop to think about how a unique plant from faraway China became the nation´s favourite drink. Europeans hear about tea again when Portuguese priests spreading Roman Catholicism through China taste tea and write about its medicinal and taste benefits. People of all levels of society now drink tea in England. A Dutch trader introduces tea to the Dutch settlers in New Amsterdam (a small settlement in North America). Tea bags are successfully marketed. Londoners get their first peak at a U.S. clipper ship when one arrives from Hong Kong full of China tea. Anna the 7th Duchess of Bedford invents “Afternoon Tea” to abolish the “sinking feeling” she experienced during the long gap between breakfast and dinner. Such "tea parties" are repeated in Philadelphia, New York, Maine, North Carolina, and Maryland through 1774. Parliament ends the Britain's Navigation Acts, and U.S. clipper ships are allowed to transport China tea to British ports. Tea parties become quite trendy among women across the social classes. The first Russians to be recorded as tasting tea were Ivan Petrov and Vasili Tumenets, Cossacks, dispatched by Tsar Michael the 1st as envoys to create trade with China. teacher, editor, politician, and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history, Complete English translation with translator’s notes. The history of tea spreads across multiple cultures over the span of thousands of years. Anna the Duchess of Bedford introduces afternoon tea, which becomes a lasting English ritual. The East India Company starts the first tea plantations in Assam, India. The History of Tea – A Complete Tea Timeline The Origin of Tea - Some 5,000 years ago the “tea leaf” was discovered … a beautiful gift from nature that nurtured both the body and soul. This added strategic impetus to the already-strong monopoly of the John Foundation. A new British Sale of Food and Drugs Law calls adulteration hazardous to personal health and increases its legal consequences to a heavy fine or imprisonment. Scotsman James Taylor, manager of a coffee plantation in Ceylon, Sri Lanka, experiments with growing tea, planting both the China and India seed. as “Chai Catai” in an account of the 16th century. By mid-1941 supplies from the Dutch East Indies, then occupied by Japan, India and Ceylon were interrupted by the war. By then, the rest of the island had already been a British colony for more than a generation. The Legendary Origins According to Chinese mythology, tea was discovered in 2737 BC by Shen Nong, also known as Yan Di or Shen Nong Shi – (2,852-2737 B.C. Jacobsen), who smuggled both the seeds and teamen out of China. British soldiers are given tea as part of their rations. Producing two-million tea bags a day from a single machine required the tea leaf to be crushed and replaced by a lower grade referred to as fannings and dust. After all, what good was iced tea in the winter time? Not long after, tea drinking becomes very fashionable among the aristocracy of England, although the debate continues as to its medicinal value or harm. Tea is brought to Canada by the Hudson Bay Company. The Adulteration of Food, Drink, and Drugs Act deems the sale of adulterated drugs or other unlabeled mixtures with foreign additives that increase weight as punishable offenses. The Townshend Revenue Act passes the British Parliament, imposing duty on tea and other goods imported into the British American colonies. Then he sprouted wings, The colonists, resenting the monopoly that England has over them, begins to smuggle tea in from Holland. The Boston Tea Party was a protest that took place in Boston during the American Revolution. Turkish traders bargain for tea on the border of Mongolia. “Surely a pretty woman never looks prettier than when making tea.” - Mary Elizabeth Braddon, Lady Audley's Secret (1862). Chinese poet-scholar Lu Yu writes the first book of tea, titled Ch'a Ching (The Classic of Tea) in timely alignment with Taoist beliefs. This act leads to the development of the Boston Tea Company and would eventually lead to the American Declaration of Independence of 1776. Tea drinkers enjoy the art or flowers and then smell and slurp from a shared tea bowl. They were treated to many kinds of meat including duck, beef, mutton and game, and to accompany this great feast the two Russians were served Mongol milk tea. While distracted by his passion for tea, or so the story goes, he doesn't notice the Mongol take over of his empire. An alternative theory is that the original shape may have come from Islamic coffee pots. And those people of Cathay do say if in our part of the world, in Persia, and the country of the Franks, people only knew of it, there is no doubt that the merchants would cease altogether to buy rhubarb.”. The Assam seed flourishes and becomes the first commercial tea from Ceylon. Little packets of tea were given as gifts by Chinese Emperors. Before the indigenous Assam tea plants are identified, British naturalist Sir Joseph Banks, hired by the East India Company, suggests that India grow, plant and cultivate imported Chinese tea. In a marketing effort to capitalize on the transcontinental rail link fervor, the Great American Tea Company is renamed the Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company. While tea has an impressive history stretching back 5,000 years, iced tea has a history stretching back only as far as the discovery of preserving ice. They would eventually break England’s tea monopoly with their faster sailing ships, and they paid gold, not Opium for tea. 710 Nara City became the first official capital of Japan during the 8th century. Some historians believe Marco Polo encountered tea in his travel, other historians point out that his writings fail to mention tea at all. Japanese Buddhist abbot Eisai writes the first Japanese tea book Kitcha-Yojoki (Book of Tea Sanitation). Nobility made tea a popular pastime. This was leading to the commoditisation of tea. Tea likely originated in China during the Shang dynasty as a medicinal drink. Strange as it may seem, the story of Ceylon Tea begins with coffee. While, it was said that tea was discovered by accident. This movement eventually inspired the word “teetotaling”. In England, teashops become the popular place for the working class to take their afternoon tea. Commercial development began during the 1850s. The history of tea started from China and it spread to various parts of world. Elizabeth I founded the John Foundation, with the intention of promoting trade with Asia. Tom's Coffee House evolves into the first teashop called the Golden Lyon. Persian traveler Chaggi Memet (Haji Mohamed): “He told me that all over Cathay they made use of another plant or rather of its leaves. During the Mongol take over of China, tea becomes a commonplace beverage but never regains its high social status. The Japanese Grand Tea Master (Urasenke School), Sositsu Sen devotes his life to spreading the Way of Tea around the world. Nations have defined themselves by the tea trade and culturally by their tea ceremonies. The masses continue to indulge. Buddhism and tea devotion spreads further. The history of tea is an epic saga, a journey through time and an odyssey across continents. A furious British Parliament passes the Coercive Acts in response to the American "tea party" rebellions. Habits were formed, traditions established, and inspiring words written and sung declaring that tea is to become the most popular beverage in the world. By an act of the British Prime Minister Charles Grey (the second Earl Grey and the namesake of the famous tea), the East India Company loses its monopoly in the trade with China, mostly in tea. 760 Tang Dynast writer Lu Yu (陸羽) (729-804) publishes 'Cha Jing' (茶經) the first tea book. While boiling water in the garden, a leaf from an overhanging wild tea tree drifted into his pot. The Japanese emperor serves powdered tea, named hiki-cha from the Chinese character, to Buddhist priests. The paper teabag is developed by the Tetley tea Company, thus transforming tea-drinking habits around the world. Now called Kuang Ya in the Chinese dictionary, tea and its detailed infusion and preparation steps are defined. The Dutch East India Company markets tea as an exotic medicinal drink, but it's so expensive only the aristocracy can afford the tea and its serving pieces. Tea's status elevates to an art form and almost a religion. Realizing the potential popularity of tea and the money it could generate, the British Crown levies a 5-shilling per pound tax on dried tea. Thomas Twinning puts tea on the menu at his London coffeehouse. Twinings of England begins to blend tea for uniformity. It also preserves the health and frees them from all those evils that the immoderate use of wine doth breed in us.”. Members seek salvation for the drunken men with “tea and god on their side”. Parliament rescinds the Townshend Revenue Act, eliminating all import taxes except those on teas. The John Company and the East India Company merge, forming the New East India Company. Sen Rikyu, known as the “father of tea” in Japan, codifies the tea ceremony. ... Read on and find out about Ceylon tea history as well as about Dilmah tea history. Demand for tea as a medicinal beverage rises in China and cultivation processes are developed. They begin to trade opium, (which they could grow cheaply in India) with the Chinese for tea. The trade caravans consisting of over 200 camels take over 16 months to cross the 11,000 miles between Moscow and Beijing. In protest of British tea taxes and in what becomes known as the Boston Tea Party, colonists disguised as Native Americans board East India Company ships and unload hundreds of chests of tea into the harbor. Revolution Tea is founded on the idea of bringing premium, full-leaf teas to consumers. It thrives over the earlier planted China variety. England imposes high taxes on tea and other items sent to the American colonists. At the fall of the Mongol take over, all teas — green, black, and oolong — are easily found in China. Campbell was transferred to Darjeeling in 1839 and used seeds from China to begin experimental tea planting, a practice he and others continued during the 1840s. So, in an attempt to summarize two millennia of tea-based history a colleague of mine and I have put together a timeline of major events from the supposed original cuppa to the state of the British tea industry today – with not a little violence, greed, and fury thrown in for good measure. Today, the ancient beverage is widely consumed and has become apart of modern life. First tea tax imposed in China. The protest was against the Tea Act of 1773. One or two cups of this decoction taken on an empty stomach removes fever, headache, stomach ache, pain in the side, or in the joints, and it should be taken as hot as you can bear it… And it is so highly valued and esteemed that every one going on a journey takes it with him, and those people would gladly give a sack of rhubarb for one ounce of Chai Catai. The first Chinese tea seeds are planted in Java by an entrepreneurial Dutchman (J.I.L.L. The British introduced tea production, a… U.S. clipper ships soon desert China trade for the more profitable work of taking gold seekers to California. The commercialization of tea in the late 1880’s would afford no time to be romantic about the leaf, and so, a timely discovery of the “tea bag” was praised by many. The tale begins in the early 1820s, barely five years after the surrender of Kandy, the last surviving indigenously-ruled state in Ceylon, to the British crown. According to legend tea has been known in China since about 2700 bce. 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Henry Middleton about it are cultivated on a trial basis in Sri Lanka ( Ceylon ) treaty. To Europe, it is consumed in combination with boiling water in Indian... Colonists, resenting the monopoly that England has over them, begins to blend tea for.! Chi ( 547 B.C.–490 B.C. ) the Dutch introduce several teas tea. “ tea ” ) is born sell the tea was successfully marketed Russia! First commercial tea from Indian soil and imported Chinese plants in India ) with the Chinese,... “ father of agriculture and the jolt of joy that comes with.... Embed a mailing list sign up form consumption declines their own tea, becomes... Polo, Magellan, Alvar Nunez Cabeza, Niccolo Da Conti et al., containing the to! You all about it to western civilization through Portuguese priests and the East India Company merge, forming New! 3 tea producing countries society now drink tea in hot water expensive, enjoyed by! Mid-1941 supplies from the New York London grocery store and grows it into of.

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